The Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting in May 2014 was the first attack in Europe by a returnee from the Syrian war. A number of plots involved people who entered or re-entered Europe as asylum seekers during the European migrant crisis, and some attackers had returned to Europe after fighting in the Syrian Civil War. Most of this terrorist activity was inspired by ISIL, and many European states have had some involvement in the military intervention against it. The years 2014–16 saw more people killed by Islamic terrorist attacks in Europe than all previous years combined, and the highest rate of attack plots per year. There was a rise in Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe after 2014. The deadliest attacks of this period were the 2004 Madrid train bombings, which killed 193 civilians (the deadliest Islamist attack in Europe), and the 7 July 2005 London bombings, which killed 52. In the early 2000s, most of the Islamic terrorist activity was linked to Al-Qaeda and the plots tended to involve groups carrying out co-ordinated bombings. Europol defines jihadism as "a violent ideology exploiting traditional Islamic concepts". Europol, which releases the annual EU Terrorism Situation and Trend report (TE-SAT), used the term "Islamist terrorism" in the years 2006–2010, "religiously inspired terrorism" 2011–2014, and has used "jihadist terrorism" since 2015. Islamic terrorism in Europe has been carried out by the Islamic State (ISIL) or Al-Qaeda as well as Islamist lone wolves since the late 20th century. Memorial to the people killed in the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks For non-Islamist terrorist incidents in Europe, see Terrorism in Europe. This article is about Islamist terrorist attacks and plots in Europe.
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